Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient

Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii List of Contributors xv 1 Ethical Issues in the Treatment of the Pregnant Patient 1 Christos A. Skouteris References 3 Further Reading 3 2 Physiologic Changes and Their Sequelae in Pregnancy 5 Christos A. Skouteris Cardiovascular 5 Respiratory 6 Hematologic 8 Gastrointestinal 10 Genitourinary 12 Endocrine 14 Immunologic 15 Dermatologic 16 Musculoskeletal 17 Psychologic and Behavioral Changes 17 References 18 Further Reading 19 3 Implications of Physiologic Changes in the Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient 25 Christos A. Skouteris Cardiovascular Changes: Management Considerations 25 Respiratory Changes: Management Considerations 25 Hematologic Changes: Management Considerations 26 Gastrointestinal Changes: Management Considerations 27 Genitourinary Changes: Management Considerations 28 Endocrine Changes: Management Considerations 28 Immunologic Changes: Management Considerations 29 Dermatologic Changes: Management Considerations 29 Musculoskeletal Changes: Management Considerations 30 Psychologic and Behavioral Changes: Management Considerations 31 Reference 31 Further Reading 31 4 General Principles for the Comprehensive Treatment of the Pregnant Patient 33 Christos A. Skouteris Recording of Pregnancy Status before Treatment 33 Diagnostic Imaging Modalities in Pregnancy 34 Medications, Substance Abuse, and Their Implications in the Dental Management of the Pregnant Patient 38 Procedural Sedation (Oral, N2O, Intravenous) 57 General Anesthesia 60 References 64 Further Reading 65 5 Dental and Oral Diseases in Pregnancy 71 Christos A. Skouteris Prenatal Counseling and Prevention 71 Further Reading 73 6 Dental, Oral, and Maxillofacial Diseases and Conditions and Their Treatment 75 Treatment of Dental Disease 75 Benjamin Craig Cornwall Odontogenic Oral and Maxillofacial Infections in Pregnancy 85 Kyriaki C. Marti Benign Diseases and Conditions 90 Christos A. Skouteris Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Malignancy in Pregnancy 93 James Murphy and Brent B. Ward Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma in Pregnancy 100 Igor Makovey and Sean P. Edwards References 106 Further Reading 106 7 Postnatal Considerations 113 Kyriaki C. Marti Medical Contraindications to Breastfeeding 113 Breastfeeding and Infant Oral Health 113 Procedures and Medications During Breastfeeding 115 References 121 Further Reading 122 8 Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) in Pregnancy 125 Kyriaki C. Marti Cardiac Arrest in Pregnancy 125 BLS 125 ACLS 126 Further Reading 128 9 Obstetric ]Gynecologic Emergencies 129 Christos A. Skouteris Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 129 Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy 131 Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy 134 Labor and On ]Scene Delivery 135 Further Reading 142 Appendices 143 Appendix 1 Cardiovascular Changes 145 Appendix 2 Cardiovascular Changes 146 Appendix 3 Respiratory Changes 147 Appendix 4 Hematologic Changes 148 Appendix 5 Gastrointestinal Changes 149 Appendix 6 Genitourinary Changes 150 Appendix 7 Endocrine Changes: Insulin Gestational Activity 151 Appendix 8 OB-GYN Emergencies 152 Appendix 9 OB-GYN Emergencies 153 Appendix 10 OB-GYN Emergencies 154 Appendix 11 Most Important Physiologic Changes Per Trimester of Pregnancy 155 Appendix 12 Management of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Pregnancy 156 Appendix 13 Management of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma in Pregnancy 159 Reader's Self ]Assessment Quiz 161 Index 169

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